Sine waves and alternating current

Every so often when I'm rearranging electronics at home and feeling overly fastidious, I run through a brief thought experiment about how to move something to another outlet without turning it off. The basic idea is something like this:

1. Start with a device plugged into a power strip.
2. Create an unholy power cable with male prongs on both ends.
3. Plug a UPS into the power strip using the unholy cable.
4. Now the device is running off both house current and the UPS!
5. Unplug the power strip from the wall, then move the device.

I've never had the guts to actually try this, and I think I've figured out why it will lead to misery, or at least unexpected behavior. The power from the grid is a sine wave, and DC devices depend on the oscillation to convert the AC to DC. If you introduce another power source into the mix, the waves won't be synchronized, and the device won't be able to convert sufficient power to keep going.

I'm sure there are other problems that will lead to worse consequences, no doubt involving the fire department. But this seems to be at least one independently sufficient reason why Radio Shack doesn't sell male-to-male power cables. (I'd be happy to hear the whole story from an electrical engineer; please comment.)

Updated 11/06/2007: Someone figured it out!

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1 Comments

Patrick said:

Unholy? Perhaps if you had 3 cables, 6 prongs each. ;)

The sine wave shows voltage over time, swinging from +~120 Volts to -~120 Volts.

Say that you plug in the UPS when the UPS and house power are in phase (sync'd sine waves) at + (or -) 120V, you end up with peaks of +/- 240V; resulting in fried electronics.

So, we want to know the sum of house voltage + ups voltage; where the UPS is some offset (phase-wise) from the house voltage; so sine(house)*120 + sine(ups)*120 = effective voltage. Find the effective voltage for offsets for 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees, i.e. ( sine(house) + sine(house+pi/4) ) * 120.


What are the approximate odds you will turn off your equipment? What are the rough odds the equipment will fry?

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This page contains a single entry by Mike Tsao published on August 19, 2007 6:30 PM.

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